Sun exposure has strongly been linked to various forms of skin cancer, one of the most common forms of cancer. It is estimated that 90% of non-melanoma and 65% of melanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Through the use of a broad sun protection program, this is largely preventable.
UVA and UVB radiation:
The two types of UV radiation that affect the skin (UVA and UVB have both been linked to skin cancer and a weakening of the immune system as well as premature aging and cataracts.
The two types of UV radiation that affect the skin (UVA and UVB have both been linked to skin cancer and a weakening of the immune system as well as premature aging and cataracts.
UVA rays - are not absorbed by the ozone layer and penetrate deep into the skin. These are the rays that contribute heavily to premature aging. Sun exposure is responsible for 90% of visible skin changes. UVB rays - these rays are partially absorbed by the ozone layer, are powerful and mostly affect the surface of the skin and are primarily responsible for sun burn. |
Although everyone regardless of race or ethnicity can be subject to the potentially adverse effects of the sun's rays, some people are more vulnerable than others. Individuals with fair skin tend to burn rapidly and more severely while those with a darker skin do not burn as easily. The same people who are most likely to be burnt are also most vulnerable to skin cancers.
So how does sunscreen offer protection?
Sunscreens offer protection by reflecting or absorbing UVA and UVB rays. SPF or Sun Protection Factor dictates the relative amount of sunburn protection that a sunscreen can provide for the average user (when used correctly). A SPF of at least 15 is recommended.
Sunscreens offer protection by reflecting or absorbing UVA and UVB rays. SPF or Sun Protection Factor dictates the relative amount of sunburn protection that a sunscreen can provide for the average user (when used correctly). A SPF of at least 15 is recommended.
Remember: An SPF of 30 is not twice as protective as an SPF of 15. An SPF of 30 will provide 97% protection whilst an SPF of 30 sunscreen will provide 93% protection from UVB rays (when used correctly)
The influence of the outside environment: When planning outdoor activities, the the intensity of the sun's UV rays should be considered. The daily UV index forecast can be obtained through local weather forecasts, news papers, websites and other sources of media. The higher the UV index forecast, the stronger the sun will be and the greater the need to consider multiple methods of sun safety. Generally, UV strength is greatest from 10h00 to 16h00 during the summer. With 80% of UV rays passing through cloud, sunburn is possible on cloudy days as well. |
How do I apply Sunscreen?
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- Sun Screen: The Burning Facts. EPA 430-F-06-013
An Injury and Prevention Awareness Project brought to you by Christiaan Barnard Memorial Hospital Trauma & Emergency Centre.